Biotechnology for Zero Waste – Emerging Waste Management Techniques (Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain (editor) etc.)

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Valorization of Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel,

Biolubricants, and Other Products

Murlidhar Meghwal¹, Harita Desai², Sanchita Baisya³, Arpita Das³,

Sanghmitra Gade¹, Rekha Rani⁴, Kalyan Das⁵, and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari⁶

1Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and

Management Kundli, 131028, Sonepat, Haryana, India

2Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Santacruz East, 400098, Mumbai, India

3Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Barrackpore

Road, Barasat, West Bengal, 700126, India

4Technology and Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Warner College of Dairy Technology,

Department of Dairy Technology, Prayagraj, 211007, India

5Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and

Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131028, India

6Department of Food Technology, Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy, Jyothy

Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560082, India

33.1

Introduction

Reuse of effluents from an industry as affluent for another is always more econom-

ical and contributes to circular economy. Throughout the world, cooking methods

tend to utilize immense amount of vegetable oil. The used vegetable oil (UVO) can

be reprocessed and recycled for different industrial purposes. When obtained from

biological origin, diesel and lubricants are found to be renewable, biodegradable

with lower combustion rate and emit limited greenhouse gas (GHG). Vegetable

oil has been used for lubrication of machines, equipments, and devices since long

time [1]. Vegetable oil has unique physiochemical properties which include higher

viscosity indices and improved lubrication property and it is much more durable

and economical in nature due to lower friction among the machine parts and higher

flash points [2].

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is generated from vegetable oils namely coconut, sun-

flower, soyabean, palm, cottonseed, rapeseed, and olive oil [3]. There are around 350

oil-bearing crops, and high-oleic vegetable oils (HOVOs) are more suitable for the

production of biolubricant [1]. Yet, the use of virgin vegetable oils (VVOs) as lubri-

cant feedstock is seen to create certain controversial issues, which include lubricant

versus food/feed competition, the emission produced due to GHG, and the change

in land use. These concerns can be addressed using WCOs which are usually two to

three times lower in price than the VVO and can effectively decrease biolubricant

cost [4].

Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, First Edition.

Edited by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari.